Development of a multidisciplinary and optimized design methodology for surface permanent magnets synchronous machines

Electric energy is one of the supports of modern civilization. In the actual context, the electrical machines are of capital importance since most of power plants, from nuclear plants to wind turbines, need an electrical machine working as a generator. Moreover, it is estimated that nowadays the 65% of the total energy supplied by the grid is consumed by electric motors working in an industrial environment. Electrical machines are complex systems where a great amount of physical phenomena are produced simultaneously; that is why a proper design requires detailed multidisciplinary models. However, most of the design methodologies and tools are only focused on machine electromagnetic performance in order to achieve power, efficiency and mass to volume ratio goals, performing an adequate more than an optimized design. In the best cases, the features related with other physical domains are taken into account through figures or merit or rules of the thumb based on designer particular experience (e.g. thermal sizing); or even they are treated as an afterthought if needed (typical case of the machine vibro-acoustic performance). These approaches are only suitable for very well-known applications where machine features are perfectly known and characterized. However, these methodologies are unsystematic by nature so they have serious difficulties in order to extrapolate the obtained results to a new set of specifications or to more challenging applications where not only electromagnetic criteria but other physical domains, such as vibro-acoustic, should be taken into account. More precisely, since the advent of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets, permanent magnets synchronous machines (PMSM) has become a suitable option both in industrial and domestic applications such as aircraft industry, elevation, electric vehicle or power generation. Due to their attractive features (e.g. high efficiency, compactness and power density) PMSMs are an emerging technology and an attractive field of study, as it is highlighted by the great amount of publications devoted to that topic in the last years. Therefore, the thesis main goal is the development of a pioneering PMSM design methodology based on a holistic, multidisciplinary and optimized approach. Moreover, this proposed methodology takes into account not only the electromagnetic and thermal conventional aspects but also the machine vibro-acoustic behaviour. In order to fulfil this aim, a complete multiphysical analytical model has been carried out, including a detailed study of the electromagnetic, thermal and vibro-acoustics PMSM features, paying a special attention to these physical domains interactions. The developed models have been used in order to implement a PMSM design optimized methodology based on an innovative heuristic algorithm labelled Direct Multisearch (DMS). In order to validate the physical models, a 75 kW PMSM prototype (IkerMAQ) has been designed and built. A huge amount of tests were carried out and the analytical models have been exhaustively validated, including electromagnetic, thermal and vibro-acoustic domains

Mujer y odontología en Andalucía : estudio de colegios profesionales y personal docente

Fundamento: Los colegios profesionales y los puestos de docentes universitarios son ámbitos importantes de la Odontología. En este estudio se intenta reflejar la presencia de las mujeres en ellos, en consonancia con la exponencial feminización de la profesión de dentista. Material y método: Se han tomado como bases de datos la página web del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, el Registro de Centros, Establecimientos y Servicios Sanitarios, las páginas web oficiales de los Colegios Oficiales de Dentistas y las páginas oficiales de los Departamentos de Estomatología de Sevilla y Granada. Se ha contabilizado el número de hombres y mujeres que conforman cada grupo. Resultados: Las cifras indican un equilibrio entre hombres y mujeres de profesionales inscritos en sus respectivos Colegios de Dentistas a nivel estatal, autonómico y provincial. Pero la Presidencia y la Vicepresidencia la ostentan hombres, mientras que en la Tesorería, la Secretaría y las Vocalías, se insinúa un equilibrio, pero el hombre sigue siendo el mayoritario, igual que los docentes universitarios. Conclusión: Aunque es mayoritario el número de dentistas mujeres ejercientes, es necesaria su mayor implicación en el ámbito educativo universitario y como representantes en los Colegios Profesionales, aspectos que, lamentablemente, requieren su tiempo.Background: Professional College and university teaching positions are important areas of dentistry. This study attempts to reflect the presence of women in them, in line with the exponential feminisation of the dental profession. Material and method: They have taken as databases the website of the National Institute of Statistics, the Registration Centers, Facilities and Health Services, the official website of the Professional College of Dentists and the official pages of the Departments of Stomatology in Seville and Granada. It has posted the number of men and women who make up each group. Results: The figures indicate a balance between men and women professionals registered in their respective Colleges of Dentists to state, regional and provincial level. But the chair and vice chair is held by men, while the Treasury, the Secretariat and Board Members, a balance is insinuated, but the man remains the majority, as university teachers. Conclusion: Although a majority the number of dentists practicing women, their greater involvement in the educational and university representatives in Professional College, aspects that unfortunately take time is necessary

Herpetofauna of Cayo Carenas, Cienfuegos Bay, south-central Cuba

The herpetofauna inhabiting the keys in Cienfuegos Bay in south-central Cuba is virtually unknown. Herein we provide the results of the first rapid inventory performed on Cayo Carenas during the summer of 2016. We found 12 reptilian species in seven families on the key. We also discuss the ecology and the most plausible biogeographic origins for some of the species

Estudio operacional y diseño de una planta OPR de generación de energía eléctrica

En este proyecto se ha diseñado una central de producción de energía eléctrica de 1 MW utilizando el método OPR. Esta tecnología aprovecha la energía osmótica para producir energía eléctrica a través del uso de membranas semipermeables. A esta forma de obtención de energía se le ha atribuido el nombre de energía osmótica o energía azul, debido a que su funcionamiento se ha limitado al uso del agua en distintas concentraciones como fluido de trabajo. En el inicio del proyecto se dará una visión general sobre la energía azul, sus aplicaciones y se describirá el avance de la tecnología OPR a lo largo de la historia. Posteriormente se analizará cómo influyen los distintos factores naturales como son la salinidad y la temperatura a dicha tecnología. En función de los resultados obtenidos se escogerá un emplazamiento adecuado para la planta de producción. En el diseño de la central se explicará el funcionamiento de los distintos equipos y sus parámetros principales de operación. Se realizará un estudio más exhaustivo de las membranas semipermeables por ser el elemento de mayor importancia. Tras ello, se analizará el posible impacto medioambiental de dicha planta en la localización escogida y la aceptación social, planteando soluciones cuando estas sean negativas. En la última parte del proyecto se estimará el capital necesario de inversión inicial de la planta.Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriale

Orange tree prunings as raw material for cellulose production by the kraft process

The aim of this work was to study the influence of operational variables in the orange tree pruning kraft pulping, such as temperature (155-185 ºC), processing time (40-90 min) and active alkali concentration (10-16%) at constant values of liquid solid ratio, anthraquinone and sulfidity concentration of 8:1, 1% and 20%, respectively, on the pulp yield, lignin content, Kappa number and viscosity of the pulps and the tensile index, burst index, tear index and brightness of the paper sheets. The experimental data obtained were used to estimate the parameters or constants in the equation for the neural fuzzy model. The predictions for the yield, Kappa number, lignin content, viscosity, tensile index, burst index, tear index and brightness differ by less than 9, 8, 21, 14, 17, 21, 9, and 6% from their respective experimental values

Los Volcanes en la red (www): la enciclopedia del siglo XXI

No toda la información encontrada en Internet resulta ser fiable y válida, de modo que es necesaria una evaluación crítica sobre los distintos materiales antes de escoger los más apropiados. En este artículo se presentan y analizan distintos recursos educativos de internet relacionados con el fenómeno del volcanismo y peligros asociados. Todos ellos pueden ser de gran utilidad para docentes, divulgadores científicos y alumnos tanto para mejorar su formación en estos temas, como para complementar su propio material docente o de divulgación